PharmaCare Analysis Essay - 3093 Words

Three ethical issues relating to marketing and advertising are Truth in Adverting and Marketing, Advertising and Marketing Harmful Products and Advertising and Marketing Tactics. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has requirements for truth in advertising and the FTC (Federal Trade Commission) enforces the provisions of this act. Marketing and advertising is an effective way to introduce products or services and to increase sales. However it could also be a tool company’s use unethically. Any information that is likely to mislead consumers into purchasing or using products and services that is deceptive or unfair comes under the radar of the FTC. An example of this, weight loss products, actions have been taken against hundreds of†¦show more content†¦Many countries view differently the advertising of harmful products placing personal responsibility on consumers and regulating what consumers are allowed to indulge in. The US highly regulates some forms of harmful products, allow others, and still give some a pass. An example of this, cigarette advertising, it is only allowed on certain media, excluding television and radio, while alcohol is permitted on all media. Young or uninformed consumers usually fall victim to this type of a dvertising and marketing. The third issue is, Marketing and Advertising Tactics. Companies use all sorts of method to attract consumer from subliminal advertising, to emotional appeals taking advantage of less educated individuals. In 2012 two leading paint companies, Sherwin-Williams Company and PPG Architectural Finishes, Inc., agreed to settle with the FTC regarding charges that they did mislead consumers into believing that some of their paint was free of volatile organic compounds, in other words, harmful chemicals. When a company markets or advertises a product and states that it is free of an ingredient that might be an environmental or health hazard it must not contain or very little (meaning trace), of the ingredient. Another ethical issue example in marketing and advertising tactics, huge drug companies try to influence medical professionals to prescribe their drugs by hosting lavish events and showering doctors with gifts and benefits. Consumers areShow MoreRelatedAnalysi s Of The Launch Of French Beauty And Cosmetics Giant2215 Words   |  9 Pagesaffects the current beauty and toiletries industry in Australia. It also conducts an opportunity analysis for Sephora to identify its key competitive factors to gain an edge in the Australian market. Findings suggest that Australia is a viable market for Sephora but it has a few drawbacks. â€Æ' Table of Contents Topic Page Number INTRODUCTION 3 ANALYSIS OF BACKGROUND 3 STATEMENT OF SCOPE 3 METHOD 3 SWOT ANALYSIS 4 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 5-8 COMPETITION 8 STRATEGY 8 CONCLUSION 9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 10 IntroductionRead MoreLeg 500 Assignment 4 Week 102302 Words   |  10 Pagesrespect to PharmaCARE which is a pharmaceutical company. The paper includes the information regarding drug companies, Direct to Consumers (DTC) marketing. Next we will determine the role of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in regulatory schemes of pharmacies and determine that whether FDA empower over compounding pharmacies. In this paper, I have to make decision about PharmaCARE that whether the company use of intellectual property of Colberia. After this, I will analyze PharmaCARE ways to useRead MoreLaw 5001755 Words   |  8 Pageswithin their customers’ optimal price points. The second category of stakeholders are the Medicare, Medicaid, and VA patients. These are the main cutomers of PharmaCARE. They are mainly interested in quality customer service as well as top-range products to address their needs (Jennings, 2010). For this reason, they are attracted to PharmaCARE as it continues to prove nbeaten in its advertisements. Further, the workers form the third grouping of the stakeholders. These category form’s PharmaCARE’sRead MoreIllegal Business Practices at Pharmacare: A Review2213 Words   |  9 PagesResponsibility at PharmaCARE by for Course Title: The exploitation of impoverished peoples is certainly not new, but the fact that the practice continues in the 21st century is caused for great concern among policymakers and nongovernmental organizations alike. Exploitation at any level is unacceptable, of course, but when it involves a major multinational corporation and illegal business practices, it becomes a crime that requires effective disposition. This was the case with the company, PharmaCARE and itsRead MoreLeg 500 Complete Course Leg500 Complete Course Essay2942 Words   |  12 PagesLEG 500 Week 2 Discussion The Duty of Loyalty and Whistleblowing  Please respond to the following: * Analyze the duty of loyalty in whistleblower cases to determine to whom loyalty is owed and who shows the greater duty of loyalty. Support your analysis with specific examples. Then, suggest at least one (1) change to an existing law. * Reexamine the  Citizens United  decision in Chapter 1, and determine which of the following groups has the greatest free speech rights: corporations, public employeesRead MoreEssay On Medical Issues In Health Care1289 Words   |  6 Pagesprescription costs affordable for all. Many argue that the American pharmaceutical system should become similar to that of Canada. However, an article published by the Canadian Medical Association Journal reported that the total cost of a national pharmacare program would be less than what is currently spent by the combination of public and private drug plans and patients’ payments in Canada (Morgan 2015). Under a national drug program, a number of factors affect the cost to taxpayers (Milne et al.Read MoreA Comprehensive Healthcare Plan For Canada2489 Words   |  10 PagesThis paper looks into a proposal on the introduction of a universal pharmaceutical policy or pharmacare in Canada. Canada is a country that has a global reputation of offering a successful healthcare to its populations. The Canadians enjoys free healthcare facilities because when they get sick they just need to visit the hospital or their doctors even when they do not have money. The government funds for the universal health policy by use of go vernment revenues. The government gets the funds to payRead MoreEssay about Walgreens; Financial Statement Analysts2248 Words   |  9 PagesAlbertsons, CVS operates more than 6,200 stores in some 40 states. More recently, CVS purchased prescription benefits management (PBM) firm Caremark Rx for about $26.5 billion. Caremark was combined with CVSs PBM and specialty pharmacy subsidiary PharmaCare Management Services, which offered managed-care drug programs to insurers, employers, and other healthcare plan providers, to form Caremark Pharmacy Services. (CVS; 2007) Operations and Product/Services With more prescription drug business goingRead MoreEssay on Dementia in Older Adults2096 Words   |  9 Pagesactions nurses should take on while evaluating patients and treating them. Finally, communication, an important Activity of Daily Living (ADL) is explored and patient/carer advice is presented so as to maintain good health conditions in the patient. Analysis of Dementia According to (Miller, 2009), dementia is the most accurate expression which illustrates the development of cognitive impairment.  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬It exemplifies the diverse brain anarchies which ultimately lead to severe brain dysfunction (AlzheimerRead MorePaper2790 Words   |  12 Pageslicensing for large scale compounding. In this case, FDA would be responsible in overseeing and hence going a long way in protecting the public from the compounding pharmacies and any fatalities that may arise (Laza amp; kowalczyk, 2012). Ethics in pharmaCare Any company in business must operate under certain ethical standards if it is to portray a moral picture in the eyes of the society. It is these standards that help the company be ethical and therefore live up to expectations of the governing laws

Is Welfare Possible for Marx Under the Capitalist Mode of...

In discussing is welfare possible for Marx under the capitalist mode of production there is some debate that the welfare state have been guided through by questions, one is that the salience of the class diminish with the extension of social citizenship? Or can welfare state fundamentally transforms capitalist society? And finally what are the causal forces behind welfare- state development? (Esping-Andersen, 1989). But as you can guess these questions aren’t recent, as they were established in the 19th century by political economists, it doesn’t matter whether they are liberal, conservative or even Marxist. This is because they were preoccupied due to the relationship of capitalism and welfare. The ‘logic of capitalism’ perspective†¦show more content†¦This seemed to be basic on the response from Wagner’s Law of 1883 (Wagner, 1962) and on Alfred Marshall (1920). Unfortunately you could see that the totalitarian nature of the Marxist view on state wasn’t so easily discerned. But after a glance at Marxist theory the practice put Marxist organisations into reveal what appeared to be a paradox. Marx and Engels claimed to be opponents of state but this insist that a fundamental goal to abolish the institution. But in, the vast majority of Marxist organisations has been advocates of the drastic extension of the role of the state in society. The Marxist movement has no longer aimed to revolved in the social-democratic which can promotes the systemic expansion to the role of state in capitalist society. The impact of democracy on welfare states has been argued ever since J. S. Mill and Alexis de Tocqueville. The argument was phrased without reference to any particular social agent or class. It seen the sense that the state was institutional, but the classical formulation of this thesis was simply the majoritiesof social distribution which compensate the market weakness/ risks. According to if the wage-earners were likely to receive social wage then it meant capitalists (or farmers) could recieve protection in forms of tariffs, monopoly, or subsidies. Although Marx and Engels did not leave a elaborated presentation of analysis of state, they did had a coherent theory. The materialShow MoreRelatedMan as a ‘Species Being’ According to Marx2359 Words   |  10 PagesThe notion of man as a ‘species-being’ for Marx meant the recognition of man’s human essence as a member of a species. A species which takes part in a process of conscious production whereby we produce as human beings for one another; Marx perceived this to be the process of mans ‘active species life’ (Bottomore; 1963 ). Marx specifically used the term ‘species being’ as a method to distinguish human life from animal life; where production is more a consequence of ‘blind instinct’ rather than consciousRead MoreEssay about Capitalism in Marx and Weber3426 Words   |  14 PagesThe Concept Of Capitalism In Marx And Weber; What Is The Contemporary Relevance Of Their Ideas? Introduction: At the later nineteenth century many social and economical ideas were developed because of the past revolutions and the present conflict of individuals and organised assemblies. Capitalism, one of these ideas, leads bourgeoisie to dream of a capitalist society in order to advance their maintain lifestyle and gain wealth. This economic system which is dominated by private business andRead MoreKarl Marxs Influence on Sociology and Political Thought Essays2587 Words   |  11 Pagesa theory that has seen the light of day in the way that he may have hypothesised. There have been many throughout history that have misrepresented Marx’s writing, which begs the question, if pure communism in the original Marxist sense is at all possible given that humanity appears to have an innate ‘need’ for hierarchy and a thirst for power. Capitalism appears to satisfy the ‘need’ for power and acquisition above all else, and the evidence is seen in the growth of global wealth, which certainlyRead MoreInvoluntary Unemployment And Its Effects On The Economy2903 Words   |  12 Pagesin competitive markets and argues that prolonged recessions are impossible. This approach operates under the assumption that leading classical economist Adam Smith proposed that even though individuals act selfishly, on their own behalf, the invisible hand will produce harmony. This assumption insinuates that the market can regulate itself to create the best possible state of economic welfare. Under the notion that the market is a laissez-faire process, free of government intervention, then thereRead MoreTheoretical Orientation And Framework. Employer-Employee5229 Words   |  21 PagesTheoretical Orientation and Framework Employer-employee relationship in 20th century capitalist system is a power relationship and the constant thing about this relationship is conflict (Krahn, et al, 2015). The contradiction inherent within this relationship has to be negotiated, mediated and resolved in order for the production of goods and services to take place. Employers (state inclusive) and employees have an interest in the stability of the employment relationship as well as competing interestsRead MoreIntroduction Capitalism has never been dead and will be here for at least the next century. In a2300 Words   |  10 Pagesof their responsibility and act. Capitalism is a system of government that favours individual growth with minimal government interference. The opposite of capitalism is communism, where the property owner is the state, and the main aim is social welfare enhancement. A mixed economy embraces the two and balances between the extremes. Many countries across the globe have adopted a mixed economy as it reduces the losses suffered by the countries that practice the extremes. Capitalism has been knownRead More Communism Essay2765 Words   |  12 Pagescapitalism for creating a new class of poor, urban factory workers who labored under harsh conditions, and for widening the gulf between rich and poor. Foremost among these critics were the German philosopher Karl Marx and his associate Friedrich Engels. Like other socialists, they sought an end to capitalism and the exploitation of workers. But whereas some reformers favored peaceful, longer-term social transformation, Marx and Engels believed that violent revolution was all but inevitable; in factRead MoreIntroduction to Economic System3031 Words   |  13 PagessystÄ“ma) is a set of interacting or interdependent entities, real or abstract, forming an integrated whole. A group of interdependent items that interact regularly to perform a task. Economic System An economic system is a system that involves the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services between the entities in a particular society. The economic system is composed of people and institutions, including their relationships to productive resources, such as through the convention ofRead MoreDefining Religion Essay2695 Words   |  11 PagesDefining Religion Religion is only the illusory sun which revolves round man as long as he does not revolve round himself. Karl Marx. Before we can look at the Marxist theory of religion we must first have some understanding of what religion is. For many in todays world religion is becoming something alien, only 3% of the population of Britain attend Church! Religion is, howeverRead MoreStudy Guide9234 Words   |  37 Pagesdimensions but differ on one in question, are compared to learn about the dimension that differs between them. Suverys: what people think about feminism Interviews : Ask famous people on their take 3. A sociologist observes the work-seeking habits of welfare recipients. After weeks of observation, trends emerge and the researcher forms a theory about the behaviors of this group. Is the sociologist in this example using a deductive or inductive approach? How would the sociologist study this phenomenon

The Relationship Between the Roman Authorities and the Early Church Free Essays

When early Christians began to read the Bible and follow The Way, they begun to walk the path and carved which was uniquely Christian history. Eusebius was a bishop, an overseer in the tradition of the apostle Paul and John among others. It is amazing that his detailed account during those days were not only preserved for posterity, but that he had the tenacity, the determination and the strength to identify and record people and events he was facing during his day. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between the Roman Authorities and the Early Church or any similar topic only for you Order Now These were people who were being murdered or whose bodies were mutilated. We read of characters and personalities – different people – from all walks of life who had a common experience. They became disciples of Jesus the Christ and almost all of them faced the same fate which is martyrdom. The Roman government was more than a backdrop for the setting of the story that Eusebius had written. It was an empire whose rule was not to be underestimated for its intelligence and its equally determined goal to subdue all who seemed and were planning to defy that rule. Yet for some observers today, the Rome seemed tolerant for the practice of any religion. The question then remains: why did Rome persecute the Christians? And why do we look back to this period to call it as the era of the martyrs? Looking back at Rome’s policy we see the Imperial authorities as remarkably lenient over the religions of those they have power over with. If the national religions of those territories would include homage to the emperor among their other ceremonies or rites, Rome almost never get in the way. As long as the Roman authorities think that the Christians were just a sect of the Jews, followers of Jesus enjoyed immunity much like the rest of them. But upon realizing that this supposed Jewish sect were up to more than being very fanatical about their monotheistic beliefs and that this â€Å"sect† not just incessantly talked about Jesus but intended to make Christians out of the entire population of the empire and that this was spreading like wildfire, Rome changed its stance and started to view the Christians as threats. From time to time, the Christians felt the wrath of the Roman authorities as well as its very own people. The experiences of every named disciple or follower were more than horrific. These Christians suffered torture of every kind invented by fellow human being. The main cause of the loathing and revulsion that the early Christians felt from within the Roman society lies in the former’s distinctive life-style. The real Christian is a person who is essentially unlike the rest. Problem is that men always view with suspicion people who are different. Then and now, conformity not distinctiveness, is the way to a trouble-free life. So the more early Christians took their faith seriously the more they were in danger of crowd reaction. Thus, simply by having a lifestyle in accordance with the teachings of Jesus, the Christian was a constant unspoken condemnation of the pagan way of life. As Eusebius in his time was observing and reacting to the events that took place, it was not that the Christians went about all or any forms of censure to disparage the government and those who were not with â€Å"The Way,† nor were they consciously self-righteous and a cut above all others. It was clear then that the Christian ethic was a criticism of the pagan way of life. Fundamental to Christianity and primary cause of continual hostilities was the Christian’s rejection of the pagan gods. The Romans expectedly had deities for every facet of living- be it for harvest (sowing and reaping), or perhaps something to do with the weather. The Christians denial of them marked the Jesus’ followers as enemies of the state. There were also social events which were of themselves reasons that Christians object because they were inherently wrong like the gladiatorial combats which were intolerably inhuman. The picture is clear that it was hard for Roman society to co-exist with a totally distinct and seemingly opposing lifestyle that to annihilate or hurt to discourage these Christians was the order of the day. This widespread hatred for early Christians helps explain the persecution in the Roman hands. There were outbursts of bloodshed which became common. Another obvious and related reason why Christians were persecuted was the slanders disseminated against them. This was both implied and detailed in the reports made to Eusebius from named persons. Once these defaming stories started they could never be stopped. The secrecy with which Christian gatherings were held aroused suspicions and bred distrust. Charges include sex orgies, cannibalism and even ridiculously, atheism. But the more serious supposed crime the early disciples of Jesus committed surfaced from the tradition of emperor worship. This practice sprang from the merits of Roman rule; what was popularly called Pax Romana or the Roman peace. The resulting peace was a deep and heartfelt gratitude to the spirit of Rome. This was an easy step from the spirit of Rome to become the goddess of Roma and eventually evolved into one final symbol of Roman spirit which was the emperor. Any allegiance other than to that of the Roman emperor slowly spelled intimidation or threat to their governance. No other sect or group posed this threat during these times than the â€Å"fanatical† Christians who were loyal to their â€Å"Lord. † In one sense, Rome was right because there was a real conflict of loyalties. The Christians never compromised by saying â€Å"Caesar is Lord. † From then on, Roman authorities branded them as a band of potential revolutionaries threatening the existence of the Roman Empire and were then deserving of expulsion or death. How to cite The Relationship Between the Roman Authorities and the Early Church, Papers

Interpersonal Communication Of Listening †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Interpersonal Communication Of Listening? Answer: Introducation Communication skills are most important as they support in transferring ideas and information in proper manner(Keyton et al. 2013). The present essay is based on analysis of three key interpersonal skills that involves listening, feedback and questioning in selected profession which is nursing. Further, all these skills are most significant as they provide the base in sharing thoughts and the individual to whom information has been shared can act accordingly. Apart from this, the concept of communication has been supported with the help of communication theory. Presence of appropriate communication skills supports nurses to perform better in healthcare profession as ideas can be shared in the better manner, and in turn, it leads to fruitful results. Interpersonal Communication Skills Of Listening, Feedback And Three Questioning The interpersonal communication skills related to listening is considered to be most significant where this skill requires interpretation of both visual and audio stimuli with the motive to gain clarification of an idea that is shared with the help of external source. Listening skill is only effective when nurse is capable enough of gathering facts and on the basis of the same meaning of the message can be understood easily. Conscious listening directly leads to effective judgment as in case if any individual is able to listen to the message shared in the proper manner and can interpret accordingly then this allows in proper judgment. Apart from this, effective listening skills allow in resolving disputes and another form of issues in the proper manner with the nursing profession(Rost Candlin 2014). The most important aspect is to listen to the message shared in proper manner through proper attention, and if it is not present then it can adversely influence the communication process Considering the feedback skill which is also important and it highlights that the message or idea shared has been understood or not. It is regarded as the key component of interpersonal communication, and it leads to better flow of information within the nursing profession. In case if any patient has shared a message with any of the nurse and after sharing the same individual takes feedback from whom the message has been shared. Then in such case, it allows in knowing whether the message shared was understood correctly or not. Communication as one of the process does not flow in one direction and feedback is one of the most integral parts(Mishra, Boynton Mishra 2014). Feedback is one of the most significant parts of nonverbal, verbal and written communication and it directly generates value in the workplace or in another area where the message is being shared. It can be expressed that nurses must possess feedback skill, and it can take place in two forms where a nurse can give feedb ack to the person who has shared message or he/she can obtain feedback from others. The key benefit associated with this skill is that it improves knowledge level and thus, provides better growth opportunity within the nursing profession. Questioning skill is also considered to be most important as it allows in avoiding and correcting mistakes through clarification of the knowledge on a particular topic. Questioning is regarded as the open-ended process that assists in exploring ideas and issues where it becomes possible to enhance the knowledge level in a particular period. In order to demonstrate effective questioning, it is mandatory to differentiate the different type of questions that can be asked within nursing profession. Generally, various types of questions are present that involves open/close ended, straightforward, objective questions, etc. It is necessary for nurses to ensure that questions asked are linked with the subject and has relation with the same(DeVoe Wallace 2009). Due to this reason, questioning skill also has its own significance. Benefits of applying these skills to particular discipline In the present scenario, communication skills have become essential for carrying out the smooth flow of operations and functions within nursing processional. Nursers with good listening skills can enhance their overall productivity, and at the same time, they can solve problems of patients more effectively(Men 2014). However, it can be critically argued that development of good listening skills is not an easy task and nurses are required to train properly to acquire the mentioned-above skills. On the other side of this, the feedback system is also essential for the long-term growth and success within the nursing profession. Such system in the discipline of healthcare helps nurses to identify their loopholes or areas where they are lacking. Based on the information collected, effective measures can be taken to overcome weakness. On the contrary, it can be argued that negative feedbacks at frequent interval can result in lowering down the morale and motivation level of nurses to a great extent(Lane 2016). It can be stated that questioning at the workplace is also beneficial for carrying out the satisfactory flow of nursing practices. For instance, questioning helps nurses to enhance their knowledge base and overall productivity. Thus, staff members are able to contribute more to overall growth and success of the healthcare organization.; Communication Theory The overall concept workplace communication can be understood through communication theory such as Webers Classic Organization Theory of the fixed structure. The theory emphasizes on the fact that to ensure structured, effective and transparent communication; it is required by the management to operate with the well defined roles and responsibilities of all the employees(Keyton et al. 2013). The theory focuses on top to bottom approach and this result in eliminating all sort of confusion in the nursing practices. This communication theory also highlights the fact that a rigid structure within healthcare organization should be implemented by the administration so that disruption in the process of communication can be eliminated in the best possible manner(Dunn Goodnight 2016). Furthermore, it is more beneficial for healthcare organizations to provide some decision-making authorities to nurses along with defining their clear roles and responsibilities. On the other side of this, critical theory can be also taken into consideration to understand the workplace communication. The theory emphasize on the fact that emergence of conflicts within organization is natural and businesses should not worry about the same. Nurse resistance towards changes, decision and budgets are normal and the other areas or functions of management should not be adversely affected because of the same. On the contrary, the theory argues that the nurses working in healthcare organization, lacks motivation at frequent intervals. Thus, management is required to develop effective strategies to enhance the morale and motivational level of nurses. The theory highlight that effective communication between nurses can result in reducing conflicts and issues(Adler, Rodman DuPr 2016). At the same time, effective communication can support in enhancing the morale and motivational level of workers by providing them with clear direction to place their efforts and resources. Conclusion It can be inferred that the three interpersonal communication skills of listening, feedback and questioning are essential for the smooth flow of all functions within the nursing profession. Furthermore, listening ability helps nurses to become more productive and solve the problem. On the other hand, it can be inferred that feedback and questioning can result in enhancing the overall skill set and knowledge base of nurses. The Webers Classic Organization Theory of fixed structure and critical theory are the two different approaches which can be considered to understand the concept of workplace communication. References Adler, R, Rodman, GR DuPr, A 2016, Understanding human communication, Oxford University Press., Oxford. DeVoe, JE Wallace, LAFJGE 2009, 'Measuring patients perceptions of communication with healthcare providers: do differences in demographic and socioeconomic characteristics matter?', Health Expectations, vol 12, no. 1, pp. 70-80. Dunn, DM Goodnight, L 2016, Communication: Embracing Difference, Routledge, Abingdon. Keyton, J, Caputo, JM, Ford, EA, Fu, R, Leibowitz, S, Liu, T, Polasik, SS, Ghosh, P Wu, C 2013, 'Investigating verbal workplace communication behaviors', The Journal of Business Communication , vol 50, no. 2, pp. 152-169. Lane, SD 2016, Interpersonal communication: Competence and contexts, Routledge, Abingdon. Men, LR 2014, 'Strategic internal communication: Transformational leadership, communication channels, and employee satisfaction', Management Communication Quarterly, vol 28, no. 2, pp. 264-284. Mishra, K, Boynton, L Mishra, A 2014, ' Driving employee engagement: The expanded role of internal communications', International Journal of Business Communication, vol 51, no. 2, pp. 183-202. Rost, M Candlin, CN 2014, Listening in language learning, Routledge, Abingdon

Public Nudity Essays - Nudity, Public Nudity, Civil Disobedience

Public Nudity Recently, people have showed concern about the fact that women are allowed to roam around topless in the streets of Toronto, and there is no question that some people find public nudity offensive. However, whether people should be offended is debatable; their reaction is often closer to confusion or embarrassment. The human body deserves to be shown and respected both for its beauty and its so-called ?imperfections?. In the appropriate places and situations, public nudity can be comfortable, healthy and can ultimately break social barriers, which hinder communication between people. There are appropriate times and places for anyone who would like to roam around nude. Exposing oneself in the city might not be a good idea. It could lead to sexual harassment or legal consequences. But what is wrong with people expressing themselves at a local park, beach or on their own front lawn? Anyone who has spent any amount of time in ill-fitting, uncomfortable clothing knows how good it feels when clothing is not being worn. Clothing is, by nature, something foreign to the body, and its presence is always known to the wearer. Clothing does have some practical uses. It keeps us warm from the harsh conditions of the environment and protects us when doing dangerous work. Clothes do not exist to ?hide? our bodies. There is a tremendous feeling of freedom when nude. Once you have been swimming nude, you'll never understand why anyone would ever want to wear clothes in the water. Medical research has shown that clothing can be unhealthy in certain situations. For example, evidence supports the hypothesis that wet, clingy swimsuits can constrict the flow of bodily fluids. Eliminate the swimsuit, and you've eliminated that problem. Furthermore, it is beneficial to ones mental health to be expressive. In a free society, people should be free to express themselves and do what they want as long as their freedom doesn't impede the freedom of others, endanger them, or remove their fundamental rights. Nudity breaks a lot of social barriers that have hindered communication between people, because there are no Armani suits, no gang colors, no uniforms, or social trends to define ones social status. Present Canadian law indicates that it is not an offence to be nude on an ?isolated? beach. Yet, this suggests that when nude, a person is no longer fit to be seen, and should be separated from others. Surely, this is a prejudicial point of view. Nudity also takes away the artificial inhibitions that society has forced upon us when we were born. If you think about it, the parts that we cover are arbitrary. It has been suggested that we cover the genital area because of its sexual nature. In fact, an equally sexual body part is the lips. Nevertheless, people walk around exposing their lips without causing mass arousal. Many people find public nudity offensive. Too much emphasis is put on the perfect body by a clothing-obsessed society. Most people know that almost no one has a perfect body, and that beauty can be found in bodies of all shapes, sizes, colors, and ages ? many of them with the scars of life. Nudity is the means to the goal of body acceptance. When nude, the full beauty of the human body is exposed, creating pride in what you've got and reducing the desire for what you haven't got. Public nudity can be appealing to some people but not for others. People have to start to realize that we are all naked underneath and there is no shame in that. Whether nudity can break some of the social barriers or not, it all comes down to this; being nude is comfortable, healthy and most of all, it's fun!

ECONOMIC TRANSITION IN POLAND & RUSSIA Essays - Anti-capitalism

ECONOMIC TRANSITION IN POLAND & RUSSIA Essays - Anti-capitalism ECONOMIC TRANSITION IN POLAND & RUSSIA Since approximately 1988, Poland and the republic of Russia (formerly Soviet Union) have gone through major economic reform. The main emphasis of this paper is to identify the different approaches that the governments in these two countries have taken and to look at the positive and negative effects that these drastic changes have had on their economies. Specifically, the question asked in this paper is, "Why has the economic transition in Poland been more successful than in Russia? We will be looking at what factors are being used to measure this success and what their prospects are for the future. With almost half of the world stayed under the communist ties, Poland took risk and applied revolutionary economic reforms under which it started closing inefficient plants, ended subsidies for plants working at a loss, introduces mass privatization and lifted price controls. The shocking therapy successfully introduced Poland to the path of rapid economic growth and made it the reform model for other post-communist countries. Also, to increase the educational quality and adjust its profiles to the present labor market needs, in 1998 Polish government implemented the education system reform. The modifications, including every field of schoolwork, brought the system closer to the western education standards and gave Polish students, and well as their teachers greater flexibility in shaping their career. For Decades, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union swore that the red tide initiated within its borders would sweep the world covering every nation with the ideals of Marxism. Karl Marx?s promise of a communist utopia was embraced by the governments of many nations and his philosophy became one of the prevalent worldviews of the 20th century. However, in the late 1980?s, the leaders of the Communist Party bowed to a revolution of different type. This concession was the result of the reform efforts of Mikhail Gorbachev as the party agreed to end its monopoly on power in the Soviet Union. As the world enters a new decade, Karl Marx?s bold statement appears destined to be proven wrong. After a decade of massive social upheaval in countries behind the Iron Curtain, the communist philosophy became a system of a bygone era. The Soviet Union, the nation with the world?s largest land mass and the leader of the communist world, has suddenly had its political power base challenged and its ec onomy shaken to the core. As the reality of Gorbachev's message dawned, Poland took the lead. Solidarity became a political party, then won a parliamentary election, then-at Jaruzelski's request-put one of its strategists, Tadeusz Mazowiecki, into the premiership. Soon Solidarity leader Lech Walesa was President of Poland. Meanwhile, Hungary took down its barbed-wire barriers to the West, literally dismantling a sector of the Iron Curtain, and thousands of East German vacationers came through. Demonstrators in East German cities discontinued Erich Honecker and his command, and on Nov. 9, 1989, they dismantled, almost stone by stone, the symbol of communism's inadequacy: the Berlin Wall. A similar bloodless onslaught, which Czech leader Vaclav Havel called the "velvet revolution," snuffed out the communists in Prague and then in Sofia. In all the East bloc, only the December 1989 uprising that ended Nicolae Ceausescu's reign in Romania touched off bloodshed, when both the Ceausescu and his wife were executed. Still, the contemporary joke had it about right: in the surge toward freedom, Poland took 10 years, Hungary 10 months, East Germany 10 weeks, Czechoslovakia 10 days and Romania 10 hours. Gorbachev the liberator was not a success at home. The Soviet economy drifted further into decline, strikes erupted, and most threatening of allthe forming republics of the union began declaring their "sovereignty." Even so, Gorbachev plunged ahead with his version of reform and in February 1990 directed an overhaul of the Soviet constitution that eliminated Article 6, the provision that gave the Communist Party a monopoly on political power. According to Gorbachev, communism has not been successful in the Soviet Union because there is a need for further reform. Gorbachev?s goal is to implement democratic ideals and freedoms in a socialistic structure. In the meantime, Soviet society is in the process of recomvery and renewal. Gorbachev firmly believes that an ideal communist

Introduction to business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Introduction to business - Essay Example Thus, it becomes clear that steel is highly significant to modern society. Tata Steel is the second biggest steel manufacturer in Europe and has its chief steelmaking plants in Holland and UK. It supplies steel and associated services to main industries such as production, vehicle manufacture and packaging. The European operations are a supplementary of Tata Steel Group, one of the world’s top ten steel manufacturers. The joint Group has approximately 80,000 employees. A dedication to environmentally-sound practices is an important part of many businesses’ promise to act responsibly. Social responsibility refers to company’s responsibilities to take advantage of its long-term positive impacts and reduce its negative impacts on society. This paper is in the form of a report of its current approach to managing environmental drivers in their market. The impact of five key environmental drivers, namely, the effects of urbanization, generation of energy, transportatio n, agriculture and tourism, on the organization is also incorporated in this report. Report: Tata Steel Europe Ltd is a multinational company making steel, which is headquartered in London, UK, and is a completely owned subsidiary of Tata Steel. It is the second biggest steel-maker in Europe. â€Å"Today, it is one of the largest steel producers in the world with over 80,000 employees across five continents† (The World of Steel n.d.: 11). The company functions two main integrated steel plants in the UK, at south Wales, Scunthorpe Port and Talbot, north Lincolnshire, and one in IJmuiden, the Netherlands. Started in 1907, and at present the company is among the top ten global steel manufacturing companies with a crude steel capability of over 28 million tonnes per annum. The company is also engaged in activities relating to discovering, prospecting, and mining iron ore, ferro alloys, coal and other minerals; manufacturing and designing plants and equipment for oil, steel and na tural energy, gas and power, mining, ports, railways, aviation, and agricultural implements and space industries. â€Å"The manufacturing facilities at Tata Steel Europe comprise of manufacturing hubs† (The journey towards enduring sustainability 2013: 16). It is at the present, one of the world's most geographically-diversified producers of steel, with operations in 26 nations and a commercial presence in over 50 nations. The Tata Steel Group Company, in FY 2012- 2013 with a turnover of US$ 24.82 billion, has over 81,000 workers across five continents and is a Fortune 500 business. â€Å"By carefully identifying and articulating the drivers of social performance and measuring and managing the broad effects of both good and bad performance on the corporation’s various stakeholders, managers can make a significant contribution both to their company and to society† (Epstein & Roy 2001: 585). Vision of the Tata Steel is to be the world’s steel business bench mark through the excellence of its citizens, its modern approach and overall conduct. Supporting this vision

Express Trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Express Trust - Essay Example This may also be associated with duty which by the ethical and moral norms of society you must perform. This is even characterized as a higher form of justice and so important to modern human relations that it has been transformed from a purely ethical concept with limited application to a moral norm of society. Every member of society is bound to uphold it and even becomes embodied in laws. Express trusts are "built around concepts of loyalty and good faith" (Hudson 2008). In an express trust there exist a relationship where a person entrusts his or her property to another to keep, preserve and latter to give the same property to another person who is meant to benefit from that property. Moreover "The trustee is one example of a more general concept of English law: the fiduciary. Thus, it is often said that trustees bear 'fiduciary duties'. For our purposes the terms 'trustee' and 'fiduciary' can be read as being synonymous. The fiduciary principle in express trusts is the idea that such trusts have a nature that it is a matter of confidence, good faith, loyalty and legal obligation to the purpose of such trusts. An example of this is when a grandfather entrusts a piece of land to his son which his son will give to the grandson on his 18th birthday. The father, son of the grandfather, has the duty to his father, the grandfather to keep, preserve and maintain the piece of land and later give the land to his son, the grandson. Duties & Powers Question: What are the powers and duties of the settlor What are the powers and duties of a trustee What are the powers and duties of the beneficiary Answer: The settlor is duty bound to make certain that the property that will be put into an express trust is truly owned by him because "the settlor must have had all of the rights in that property, or 'absolute title', before the declaration of the trust". Clearly, one cannot deal with property in which one has no rights: therefore, the settlor must hold all of the rights to be settled on trust before that trust can be declared" (Hudson 2008). The settlor is the original owner of the property involved in the trust. Thus absolute title means that the right to do with the property as he or she pleases regardless of the concern of others or free of implications to other individuals. This includes sell, lease, destroy and even donate. The settlor has absolute power over the property up to when the trust is constituted. Once it begins his direct power over the property is set aside and he is duty bound to give possession of the property to the trustee. "Once the trust is created, the trustee acquires 'legal title' in the trust fund and the beneficiaries acquire the 'equitable interest' (or, sometimes, 'beneficial interest') in the trust fund in accordance with the terms of the trus

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Reflection - Essay Example think over the causal factors as well as the potential impacts of such events as the earthquakes and the cyclones that keep happening from time to time, that I used to overlook before. I have started to realize the importance of knowing what is going on at different points under the surface of Earth around the world and how things are working. I ponder over the state of equilibrium between the internal forces of the Earth and the external factors and forces that instigate them. Before, I thought of Earth as a round shaped mass of rocks whose voids are filled with water. Having taken this course, I realize the different layers the Earth is made up of, and how changes in one layer induce changes in the other. I see the Earth as a big round electromagnet which has its own electromagnetic field. The two Earth science topics that I shall continue to follow after this course are the Weathering and Erosion. Weathering is the process responsible for inducing changes in the rocks’ surfaces that are open to the water or air. There can be several reasons for the occurrence of the weathering action. It can occur because of the physical action, plant action, abrasion or because of chemical processes like oxidation and reduction. I have selected Weathering because it gives sufficient explanation of the way different kinds of rocks were formed. Erosion, on the other hand, is the process that illustrates the causes and patterns of movement of the sediments from one place to another. Gravity is the fundamental force that causes erosion and water serves as the most significant driver of erosion. I have chosen to follow the topic of Erosion after this course because it tells how the rivers and seas were formed and the factors that cause the depth of water in a reservoir to alter ov er the time. The one action item that I would consider doing as critical to helping with the Earth’s preservation in my area, or in general is spreading awareness about the ways people can protect

Understanding Of The Caste System In India

Understanding Of The Caste System In India There is a vast literature on Caste system in India with a long and diverse background. This chapter aims to review some of the relevant literatures pertaining to the caste system prevailing in India. Different authors might have varied perceptions about this particular topic for discussion. M.N.Srinivas (1962) in his book Caste in Modern India and Other Essays, highlights the part played by caste in democratic processes of modern India in administration and education. The author came across certain conflicting attitudes among the people of the elite class whereby one group wanted legislation to eradicate the social evils pertaining to the caste system and on the other hand, there were people who were not only determined not to fight the evil but also tried to practise this system. In his work he tries to explain the concepts of two social processes namely Sanskritization and Westernization. Sankritization is the part of social mobility as well as the idiom in which mobility expresses itself. This is said to occur within the framework of caste whereas Westernization happens outside the framework of caste. However, Sanskritisation may lead to castes becoming unpopular with their neighbours whereby the leaders of upper or dominant caste may show their bitterness by even to rturing the members of the lower castes. In independent India, the reservations and safeguards granted to the backwards sections especially the Scheduled Caste and Tribes have helped in the upliftment of the lower caste. He also brings into notice the effects of British rule on the caste system which in a way helped in taking over the power previously exercised by the caste panchayats. A new principle of justice was introduced by the British which said all men are equal before the law, and that the nature of a wrong is not affected by the caste of a person who is committing it, or by the caste of the person against whom it is committed (M.N.Srinivas, 1962). This has not been fully followed in the rural areas where caste panchayats are still functioning strongly. The author argues that the Varna system has certainly warped the caste but it has enabled ordinary folks to comprehend the caste system by providing them with a simple and candid system that is applicable to all parts of Ind ia. To the question of can castes exists in the India of tomorrow the author opines that only a minority considers caste as an evil to the whole nation and that this minority is gradually increasing every day. Moreover in rural areas it is possible to come across urbanized young people who consider caste detrimental to healthy relations between people. He concludes by saying that nothing else but the people themselves must understand that caste necessarily means casteism and that benefits it offers are bought at a heavy price for the country as a whole. Taya.Zinkin (1962) in her book Caste Today describes the caste system in India. She considers its origin, the way it works, what democracy is doing to caste and vice versa. In her work she states that caste is not class and that every caste has educated and uneducated, rich and poor, well born and ordinary born. The author also says that caste is not dependent on colour because a Brahmin will not stop being a Brahmin if he is black skinned nor does an untouchable stop being one if he is fair skinned. She also argues that caste is not based on occupation, however various other literatures may not completely agree to what this author states. According to her caste is a way of life which divides society into small groups, each of which lives in a rather different way from the rest. Due to these differences, tiny groups and important aspects of life like marriage take place within them, these groups have immense control of power and thus a better survival. Before she goes into the detail s of castes, sub- castes and untouchability she tries to explain the concept of re- incarnation. It is said that the whole system is based upon a combination of status fixed by birth and rebirth. This means that a persons birth in the existing life depends on the consequences of his deeds done in past life i.e. if one performs his duties well complying with what he is supposed to do then he may be reborn in a better situation or not be reborn at all. Marriage customs vary with castes and sub-castes. Untouchables usually make late marriages unlike the Brahmins who make early arranged child marriages. Finally Tan Zinkin(1962) talks about the beginnings of the breakdown and the loss of belief of the Hindu society. Change of attitudes among the castes and sub-castes were witnessed. More recently, loss of belief has been the result, of the spread of education to the rural areas. With education came an arousing of new expectations, which through much of the Indian peninsula produced a new non-Brahmanical leadership, a leadership which was not only non- Brahmin but positively anti -Brahmin (Tan Zinkin, 1962.pp38). Tan Zinkin has been pretty much argumentative on the concept of caste. She strongly says what caste in not rather than what caste is. The theory about re incarnation has helped me to know more about the birth and rebirth cycle with regard to the caste system. Marc Galanter (1963.pp 544-559) in his article Law and Caste in Modern India focuses on caste and laws pertaining to it during the British rule in India. He describes the way in which the legal rules and regulations affect the caste as an institution. The legal view of caste is explained under three headings namely personal law, caste autonomy and precedence and disabilities. First being legal rights and obligations of a person which is determined by the identity of the caste group to which he belongs. During the British period caste was little used for the occurrence of legal regulation and moreover all castes irrespective of their ranks had to follow the same rights and duties. However caste customs varied when it came to law of succession, law of adoption and law of marriage. Marriages between different castes or varnas were not allowed. Caste autonomy conferred some right to the caste groups to enforce certain rules which were not disturbed by the government. Precedence and disab ilities dealt with the legal interventions with regard to the relations between castes. Courts imposed certain rules such as restriction on the entry of a particular caste into temples. This shows that even though the British did help in reducing the caste discrimination, on the other hand they ended up aggravating it to a certain extent. The author also talks about the independent India where the higher castes have lost their dominance over legal matters and moreover the lower ahs castes have acquired certain government benefits regarding equality and other preferential treatments. Marc Galanter (1963) concludes this essay by saying that British period may be considered as a period ofSanskritzation in legal notion of caste. (1963.pp559) Caste- based oppression in India lives today in an environment seemingly hostile to its presence: a nation-state that has long been labelled the worlds Largest democracy, a progressive and protective constitution; a system of laws designed to proscribe and punish acts of a discrimination on the basis of caste; broad- based programmes of affirmative action that include constitutionally mandated reservations or quotas for Dalits or so- called Untouchables; and a aggressive economic liberalization campaign to fuel Indias economic growth. Says Smitha Narula(2008) in her article Equal by Law, Unequal by Caste: The Untouchable Condition in Critical Race Perspective. The author talks about the caste system and the discrimination attached to it and the inequality witnessed in India today focusing on the caste and gender- based discrimination and its impact on the Dalits of India. Dr.Santosh Singh Anant(1972) in his work The Changing Concept of Caste in India enumerates the psychological aspects of caste, inter- caste relations and of untouchability. He comments on the theory of status consistency and it is defined as the extent to which an individuals rank positions on a given hierarchies are at a comparable level (Rush, 1967). A Brahmin working as peon in an office and an untouchable or anyone from the lower caste working as a senior officer would be an apt example for status inconsistency. This is however happening due to the spread of education. He brings in one of the several views about the origin of caste system which dates back to 1500 B.C with the advent of Aryans from Central Asia. According to Nehru (1960) The Dravdians were the conquered race and Aryans the conquerors. Since the Dravidians were advanced in their civilization, Aryans considered them to be a potential threat to them. This is considered to be one of reasons why Aryans tried to push th e Dravidians to an inferior position and thus created the theory of four- Varnas or the caste system. The author also points out that socio-economic factors such as education, industrialization, and increase in mobility have abated the rate of discrimination of caste system. Sree Narayana Guru the Ascetic Who Changed the Lunatic Asylum into Gods Own Country is a biography written by Murkot Ramunny about a saint who lived in Kerala state in the Southern part of India. Narayana Guru was a philosopher as well as reformer who immensely contributed to the upliftment of lower castes in Kerala. He helped in bringing about freedom of prayer and education to millions of under privileged in Kerala. It is due to his selfless service to the society that Kerala has attained 100 percent literacy rate compared to other states in India. The author in his article informs us that, even the father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi paid him a visit and took inspiration from Guru for the social Upliftment of the lower casts or Harijans (Untouchables). One caste one religion one god for man was his motto. It is years since I left caste and religion. Even then some people are working on presumption that I belong to their community. As a result, a wrong impression has been created in the minds of the people. I do not belong to any caste or religion. In order that only people who do not belong to any caste or religion should succeed me (Narayana Guru, 1091). This piece of literature has helped me in this dissertation to know more about the caste system prevalent in the state of Kerala. According to Harsh Mandir, in his article Burning Baskets of Shame (2010 August 9.pp3), he illustrates a real incident of manual scavenging which had happened in India couple of years back. The statistics shown by him in this article concerning the number of people doing manual scavenging was about 6.4 lacs according to the Planning Commission in 1995. He describes about a campaign named Safai Karmchari Andolan (SKA) which was started as a non-violent mass resistance to end this hideous practice of Manual Scavenging. This campaign was started by an individual who himself was born into a scavenging family who witnessed this abhorring practice from his childhood. As reported by Harsh Mandir in this article SKA is the first movement to end Untouchability in India. But it should be right to say that this was one of the many movements which had taken place in different part of India during different period. In the article The Indian Caste System by Madhudvisa Dasa (August 9, 2010) he tries to explain the caste system in relation to what has been written in the ancient scriptures. He quotes certain ideas from the Holy Book of Hindus, The Bhagavad Gita. The author sheds some light on theVedas, which says that the Varnas or castes are not differentiated on the basis of birth but my mere qualification (Guna) and work (karma). He assumes that the present caste system has degenerated to the extent that people consider men born in Brahmin families as a Brahmin even if he does not exhibit the qualities of a Brahmin. The author agrees to the fact that one takes rebirth according to his past deeds or karma but at the same time he says that in order to become a Brahmin adequate training is required and that it is not conferred automatically by birth as seen in the present generation. Indias hidden apartheid (UNESCO Courier, 2001.pp27-29); an article written by Gopal Guru and Shiraz Sidhva criticizes the abhorrent caste system in India. The article opens with a note which says Indias ancient caste system persists, subjecting millions to degrading poverty and human rights abuses. Attitudes die hard, despite government legislations to usher in change. They comment on the caste system as a means of deployment by the upper caste to suppress the lower caste and thus attain a monopoly over the wealth, knowledge, power and education. The extent of discrimination was immense that these so called untouchables were forced to use drums in order to announce their arrival so that the upper caste is not polluted even by their shadow falling on them. This article informs us that the term untouchables was abolished in 1950 under the constitution of India but there still exists a glimpse of discrimination against them. India has however tried to reduce the discrimination by reserv ing quotas and reservations for the lower castes in education and for government jobs. Caste in doubt: The Indian Census and Caste (2010.June 12, pp46), an article which had been recently published in The Economist has details about the reservations and quotas being introduced for the lower castes. This article also brings into notice the issue relating to the inclusion of caste system in the census which is to be declared in the ten yearly plan in 2011. However this had been faced with criticisms because since 1931 India has not counted caste in the census. Moreover it is impossible for it be included in the census because Indias caste system has not only the four Varnas but also various other sub-castes which may not be evidently recognised by the authorities. In spite of certain obstacles, the economic growth of the country has contributed to the lessening of discrimination on the basis of caste because a number of individuals have moved from the rigid social surroundings to the urban towns and cities in search of jobs where family background is irrelevant. Many Ind ians are becoming caste- blind and marrying across caste lines. Anidhrudda, a 20 year old software engineer in Calcutta, says his inter-caste marriage was no big deal. But even he concedes that there are limits. If he had married a dalit, he says, my family would not have been able to face the society' (The Economist, 2010.pp46). Leaders: Untouchables and Unthinkable; Indian Business (The Economist.2007.pp17) is an article which highlights the point that says that Indian business does not discriminate against the Untouchables or lower castes. Moreover, it condemns the practice of reservation in private sector because it would damage the whole business system. Responsibility for lower castes lack of advancement does not lie with the private sector. There is no evidence that companies discriminate against them. The real culprit is government and the rotten educational system it has created (The Economist.2007.pp17).It is not possible to have reservations in Business like they have it educational systems. This article says that as people get richer their concern about the caste fades. Nowadays middle class Indian families are to be seen marrying outside their caste than the rural poor and less likely to wrinkle their nose at a Dalit. Harold A. Gould in his work The Adaptive Functions of Caste in Contemporary India (1963.pg427) informs us that caste has not fully disappeared even with the advent of modern technology and other social structural changes. His research found out that in rural areas, the existence of caste in the form of ritual purity, occupation, and system of hierarchy still exists in its own way. In contemporary India, however caste system has not disappeared completely but has declined in the urban areas among the educated middle class families. From the above review of Literature and from various other reliable sources it can be understood that it is not possible to witness an India without a small aspect of Caste system. This is because it has been deeply rooted in the minds of Indians since ages and it still continues in certain spheres of their life. Caste system has been a topic of great interest to the Westerners as it fascinates them about the two ideologies- of caste system being important and not being important, existing within the same country and people. Recent articles from The Economist which are mentioned above, mainly talks about the reservations and quotas based on caste rather than discriminating against them on the basis of ritual purity and occupation. However it is not completely true to say that caste system has vanished from the Indian society. Educated Indians know that caste exists, but they are unclear and troubled about what it means for them as members of the society that is a part of the modern w orld. No one can say that it is easy to give a clear and consistent account of the meaning and significance of caste in India today (Fuller.C.J, 1996.Caste Today.pp153)

Essay --

Tricked by Inferno (A critique on how Dante’s Inferno can make you do the morally correct thing) As the great Francois de La Rochefoucauld, â€Å"The intellect is always fooled by the heart.† When it comes to doing the morally correct thing, Dante’s Inferno is the text that scares people to do what they are supposed to do. By saying what will happen if a person were to go to hell, this will scare people into doing the right thing. As Tim Keller said, â€Å"Sin removes us from that aspect of his power that sustains and supports us. It is to us as water is to a fish-away from it our life slowly ebbs away.† In Dante’s Inferno he uses many tools to scare people into acting as they morally should, three of these critiqued tools include: pain, suffering, and misery. To begin, pain is an ideal threat that Dante provides in the idea of hell. When the thought of hell arises, one of the very first things that comes to mind is pain. The pain of realization that you are going to spend the rest of eternity in purgatory is very excruciating. â€Å"May you weep and wail for all of eternity.† (pg.81) This quote from Dante’s Inferno states just what kind of pain there will be if a person went to hell. Weeping knowing that for the rest of eternity there will be only pain, and heartache. â€Å"Heartbreak is like one big emotional pain but it also seems to spark off hundreds of other emotions. We hate the feeling of heartbreak, and yet we find ourselves compelled to go over and over memories, ideas or fantasies which make the feeling worse. â€Å" As Dr. Edward E. Smith states, heartache is one of the worst feelings that a person can face. After realizing the kind of heartache and pain that going to hell can cause, people will be more tempted to act morally correct. Hell has... ...for no reason, but to bring themselves up they deserve to be punished. Hurting people is no way to make you feel better. Therefore they should get a taste of their own medicine. The people in this circle will be stomped on by a giant, over, and over, for all of eternity. They will be â€Å"be-littled† literally, after lifting the egos of all of the people that they were mean to during the time that they were alive. Circle 6 (Rapists and Murders) This is the worst crime that person could ever commit. These people will be shot over and over for the rest of eternity. They did the worst thing humanly possible. Raping someone and or murdering them is the worst thing a person can do. Taking everything that person has is the worst thing that someone could do. By being shot repeatedly they will be able to feel the pain that they have caused other people while they were alive.